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The Independent Inquiries into the actions of the United Nations during the tragedies of Rwanda (S/1999/1257) and the Balkans (A/54/549) in the 1990s demonstrated, in the worst possible way, that the United Nations had failed to protect the populations of these countries and had to do more to prevent genocide. With this in mind, in 2001 the UN Security Council in S/RES/1366 (2001) invited the Secretary-General “to refer to the Council information and analyses within the United Nations system on cases of serious violations of international law” and on “potential conflict situations” arising from “ethnic, religious and territorial disputes” and other related issues.